Application Software

Application Software is all the computer software that causes a computer to perform useful tasks (compare with computer viruses) beyond the running of the computer itself. A specific instance of such software called a software application, program application or app.

An application is a program or group of programs designed for end users. Application Software can be divided into two general classes: System Software and applications software. Systems software consists of low-level programs that interact with the Computer at a very basic level. This includes operating system, compilers, and utilities for managing computer resources.

In contrast, applications software (also called end-user programs) includes database programs, Word processors, and spreadsheet. Figuratively speaking, applications software sits on top of systems software because it is unable to run without the operating system and system utilities.

There are many types of application software:

• An application suite consists of multiple applications bundled together. They usually have related functions, features and user interfaces, and may be able to interact with each other, e.g. open each other's files. Business application often come in suites, e.g. Microsoft Office, LibreOffice and iWork, which bundle together a word processor, a spreadsheet, etc.; but suites exist for other purposes, e.g. graphics or music.
• Enterprise software addresses the needs of an entire organization's processes and data flow, across most all departments, often in a large distributed environment. (Examples include financial systems, customer relationship management (CRM) systems and supply chain management software). Departmental Software is a sub-type of enterprise software with a focus on smaller organizations and/or groups within a large organization. (Examples include travel expense management and IT Helpdesk.)
• Enterprise infrastructure software provides common capabilities needed to support enterprise software system. (Examples include databases, email servers, and systems for managing networks and security.)
• Information worker software lets users create and manage information, often for individual projects within a department, in contrast to enterprise management. Examples include time management, resource management, documentation tools, analytical, and collaborative. Word processors, spreadsheets, email and blog clients, personal information system, and individual media editors may aid in multiple information worker tasks.
• Content access software is used primarily to access content without editing, but may include software that allows for content editing. Such software addresses the needs of individuals and groups to consume digital entertainment and published digital content. (Examples include media players, web browser, and help browsers.)
• Educational software is related to content access software, but has the content and/or features adapted for use in by educators or students. For example, it may deliver evaluations (tests), track progress through material, or include collaborative capabilities.
• Simulation software simulates physical or abstract systems for either research, training or entertainment purposes.
• Media development software generates print and electronic media for others to consume, most often in a commercial or educational setting. This includes graphic-art software, desktop publishing software, multimedia development software, HTML editors, digital-animation editors, digital audio and video composition, and many others.
• Product engineering software is used in developing hardware and software products. This includes computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided engineering (CAE), computer language editing and compiling tools, integrated development environments, and application programmer interfaces.

Applications can also be classified by computing platform such as a particular operating system, delivery network such as in cloud computing and Web 2.0 applications, or delivery devices such as mobile apps for mobile devices.

The operating system itself can be considered application software when performing simple calculating, measuring, rendering, and word processing tasks not used to control hardware via command-line interface or graphical user interface . This does not include application software bundled within operating systems such as a software calculator or text editor.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe is known worldwide for their professional creative software and is considered a standard in the photo editing software industry. Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems.

Adobe's 2003 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS6 is the 13th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is released in two editions: Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Photoshop Extended, with the Extended having extra 3D image creation, motion graphics editing, and advanced image analysis features.[7] Adobe Photoshop Extended is included in all of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings except Design Standard, which includes the Adobe Photoshop edition.

Alongside Photoshop and Photoshop Extended, Adobe also publishes Photoshop Elements and Photoshop Lightroom, collectively called "The Adobe Photoshop Family". In 2008, Adobe released Adobe Photoshop Express, a free web-based image editing tool to edit photos directly on blogs and social networking sites. In 2011, a version was released for the Android operating system and the iOS operating system, followed by a release of a version for Windows 8 in 2013.

REVIEW

Lots of powerful image-manipulation tools. Strong face and geo-tagging with integrated maps. Excellent output options, printing, online, photo books. Good help with performing advanced edits.

As the industry-standard, Photoshop skills are a necessity if you want to be employable in the graphic design field. Price in the hundreds and with a learning curve to match, it's not for everyone, but the investment can pay off in increased productivity and the ultimate in flexibility. Since Creative Suite 3, Photoshop cones in a standard version as well as an Extended version with specialized tools and features for the video, engineering, architecture, manufacturing, science, and medical fields.

This program learns from your preferences, and the Guided mode gives you step-by-step instructions on what tools to use to accomplish different editing tasks.

RECOMMENDATIONS

If you're a casual user who still hasn't figured out 99% of the software you already own, there is no reason you should buy CS5 unless some particular feature really grabs you.

As I learned 10 years ago when I bought the complete creative suite to do this website, I still haven't learned 95% of what I could have done with the software I bought 10 years ago. Back in those days, I had to buy each piece separately from Adobe and Macromedia, who were separate companies, long before anyone in marketing dreamt-up the phrase "Creative Suite."

The only reason today's software is any different or better than what I bought in 1999 is that it runs on today's hardware, and saves time by making things like selections easier.

Dreamweaver 3.0 on Windows 95 ran better than the Dreamweaver 8 I use all day on Mac today, and Dreamweaver CS4 was so awful it barely runs on Mac. Dreamweaver CS5 works far better than CS4, thank goodness.

CS4 was unique in being buggy and crashing. CS5 works great, as has every other version of Photoshop I've used since Photoshop 3 back in the early 1990s.

As of April 2012, Adobe CS6 replaces CS5, and I'm looking forward to reporting on it as using it as well. As of today, I earn my living all day in CS5.

COST COMPARISON

The cost for Adobe Photoshop is actually depends on the version. As there are many types of version according to the compatibility of the Windows and Macintosh. Picasa is a free of charge picture viewer and a very simple picture editor while Photoshop is a very professional picture editor. Adobe Photoshop have lots of editing tools than Picasa. Both are different, Picasa is photo sharing and photo management application with very basic photo editing tools whereas Photoshop is professional, paid photo editing software. As for the cost, Adobe Photoshop cost expensive than Picasa. The price of Adobe Photoshop is around $700.

COMPATIBILITY

Adobe Photoshop for tablet version

1.      Internet connection required. Adobe online services are available only to users 13 and older and requirement to additional terms and Adobe's online privacy policy. Mobile and tablet applications require a separate download and agreement to additional terms. Such applications may not be available in all countries or languages and may be subject to change or discontinuation without notice. Additional fees or subscription charges may apply.

2.       Photoshop CS5 or Photoshop CS5 Extended (version 12.0.4 or later) and wireless Internet connection required. Mobile and tablet applications require a separate download and agreement to additional terms. Such applications may not be available in all countries or languages and may be subject to change or discontinuation without notice. Additional fees or subscription charges may apply.

Adobe Photoshop is the same with other photo editing application, the difference of it is that some of the application can be downloaded in your mobile phone but this application only supports tablet, Macintosh and windows. 

Limitations of RFID

LIMITATIONS OF RFID

                                                

·         Poor performance with RF-opaque and RF-absorbent objects. This is a frequency-dependent behavior. The current technology does not work well with these materials and, in some cases, fail completely.

·         Impacted by environmental factors. Surrounding conditions can greatly impact RFID solutions.

·         Limitation on actual tag reads. A practical limit applies as to how many tags can be read within a particular time.

·         Impacted by hardware interference. An RFID solution can be negatively impacted if the hardware setup (for example, antenna placement and orientation) is not done properly.

·         Limited penetrating power of the RF energy. Although RFID does not need line of sight, there is a limit as to how deep the RF energy can reach, even through RF-lucent objects.

·         Immature technology. Although it is good news that the RFID technology is undergoing rapid changes, those changes can spell inconvenience for the unwary.

Benefits of RFID

BENEFITS OF RFID

Some of the main benefits that RFID can provide are:

·         The solution does not require a line of sight access to be able to read tags.
·         The tag can trigger security alarm systems if removed from its correct location.
·         Reader and tag communication are not orientation sensitive.
·         Automatic scanning and data logging is possible without human intervention
·         Each tag can have a unique product code like standardised Electronic Product Code (EPC-code) and still hold more information in an internal memory bank.
·         Each item can individually be labelled.
·         Tag internal data can be comprehensive, unique in parts/common in parts, and is compatible with data processing in ERP system.
·         System provides a high degree of security and product authentication - a tag is more difficult to counterfeit than a simple barcode.
·         The supporting data infrastructure can allow data retrieval and product tracking anywhere provided the reader is close enough to the tag.

Characteristic

CHARACTERISTIC

• RFID systems can provide error-free, wireless data transmissions that are both battery-free and maintenance-free.
• They do not require line-of-site scanners for operations.
• The stored data can be altered during sorting or they can capture the workflow or process information.
• RFID systems can usually work effectively even in harsh environments with excessive dirt, dust, moisture, and extremes of temperatures.
• One of the components of RFID consists of tags that are electronically programmed with unique information.
• Each paper-thin tag contains an etched antenna and a microchip with a capacity of at least 64 bits.
• The word bit is a blend of binary and digit.
• A bit is the smallest unit of information storable in a computer or a peripheral device, expressed as 0 or 1. Eight bits make a byte, the common measure of memory or storage capacity.
• A byte is a set of adjacent bits, now commonly a group of eight, used in computing to represent a unit of data such as a number or letter; or a unit of computer memory equal to that needed to store a single character; therefore, 64 bits is the equivalent of "64 characters" (letters and/or numbers).
• Tags are available in one of three types: read-only; write-once, read-many (WORM); and read-write.
• Tags are read-only if the identification is encoded at the time of manufacture and not rewritable.
• This type of tag contains nothing more than item identification.
• It can be used for items acquired after the initial implementation of RFID.
• The WORM tag's main advantage over a read-only tag is that information in addition to the identification number can be added; however, this information must be something that won't need to be changed.
• An example would be a library that includes information about an author or item title if the tag has enough cpacity, but not a library location or circulation status.
• Read-write tags, are chosen by most libraries and can have information changed or added.
• For example, a library might add an identification code for each branch and that information could be changed if the holding location were subsequently changed to another branch of the library.
• In library RFID, usually part of the read-write tag is secured againave placed RFID tags on staff and patron identification cards.
• The tags cn be inserted in the items by a library, a book jobber, or the publisher when the book, etc. is completed.
• Most libraries that have implemented RFID technology have done their own tagging.
• Book jobbers that provide processing services are willing to insert RFID tags at additional cost, but publishers will not do it unless there are enough bookstores and libraries are willing to pay more for books with embedded tags.
• Almost all libraries using RFID have tagged only library materials, but libraries can also tag small pieces of equipment. One academic library has dramatically reduced losses by protecting everything that is not fastened down.
• A few libraries have placed RFID tags on staff and patron identification cards. Not only does that application identify patrons for charging and discharging of library materials, but also for access to restricted areas.
• Generally, as far as RFID is concerned, we need to know more about this new technology which is spreading throughout the world and is playing such an important part in our lives, whether we know it or not and whether we like it or not.

What is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

·         WHAT IS RFID?

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Some tags are powered by and read at short ranges (a few meters) via magnetic fields (electromagnetic induction). Others use a local power source such as a battery, or else have no battery but collect energy from the interrogating EM field, and then act as a passive transponder to emit microwaves or UHF radio waves (i.e., electromagnetic radiation at high frequencies). Battery powered tags may operate at hundreds of meters. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not necessarily need to be within line of sight of the reader, and may be embedded in the tracked object.